Effects of Body Mass Index on Foot Posture Alignment and Core Stability in a Healthy Adult Population
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the body mass index (BMI) on the foot posture index (FPI) and core stability (CS) in a healthy adult population.
Foot biomechanics and CS for thirty-nine nonathletic, male participants were assessed using the FPI and a plank test.
The BMI was used as a measure for evaluating excess body fat and was calculated as the bodyweight of the individual, divided by the square of the height.
The CS was measured by anterior core muscular-endurance testing, which consisted of a single time-to-failure trial in a timed prone bridge position.
The trial was timed using a digital hand-held stopwatch.
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Six assessment criteria were used to conduct the biomechanical assessment of the foot: FPI-I, talar head palpation; FPI-II, comparison of the curves above and below the lateral ankle malleolus; FPI-III, calcaneal frontal plane position; FPI-IV, prominence in the region of the talonavicular joint; FPI-V, congruence of the medial longitudinal arch; and FPI-VI, abduction/adduction of the forefoot on the rear foot.
A significant association was found between varying BMI and the FPI and CS in healthy subjects, indicating that an overweight BMI influences the FPI and CS.
The biomechanical assessment of the FPI in the study indicated that individuals with an overweight BMI tend to have flat feet.
Higher levels of intramuscular fat have been associated with reduced functional capacity in healthy older adults. Decreased muscle activity could be a possible explanation for the correlation between a higher BMI and CS.
The study successfully proved that BMI is an important variable which needs to be considered during preventive rehabilitation of the lower extremity.
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References:
- Sami S. Al Abdulwahab, Shaji John Kachanathu (2016) Effects of body mass index on foot posture alignment and core stability in a healthy adult population. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation: June 2016, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 182-187
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